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      <a href="/2017/12/23/async-await/" title="async/await的使用" itemprop="url">async/await的使用</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-12-23T06:16:23.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-12-23</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2017-12-23T06:16:13.026Z" itemprop="dateModified">2017-12-23</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#async-await"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">async/await</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#介绍"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">介绍</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#使用场景"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用场景</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#图片的上传和处理"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">图片的上传和处理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#场景"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">场景</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#获取图片宽高"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取图片宽高</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#上传图片并添加宽高参数"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">上传图片并添加宽高参数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#并行处理多个图片"><span class="toc-number">2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">并行处理多个图片</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>本文简单介绍<code>async</code>/<code>await</code>，主要结合一个图片上传的场景进行使用。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<p>有关<code>async</code>/<code>await</code>的出现，缘由可以跟随着<code>Generator -&gt; Promise -&gt; 回调函数噩梦(callback hell) -&gt; 异步 -&gt; 单线程的javascript</code>这样的js倒序发展，一直追溯到javascript的出生。这里面的故事多着，这里主要针对<code>async</code>/<code>await</code>的使用进行介绍。</p>
<h1 id="async-await"><a href="#async-await" class="headerlink" title="async/await"></a>async/await</h1><h2 id="介绍"><a href="#介绍" class="headerlink" title="介绍"></a>介绍</h2><p>有关<code>async</code>/<code>await</code>的出现和原理这里不做详细解释，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考：</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function" target="_blank" rel="external">MDN | async</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/await" target="_blank" rel="external">MDN | await</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/05/async.html" target="_blank" rel="external">《async 函数的含义和用法》</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/04/generator.html" target="_blank" rel="external">《Generator 函数的含义与用法》</a></li>
</ul>
<p>总之一句话总结：<code>async</code>函数就是<code>Generator</code>函数的语法糖。<code>async</code>函数的实现，就是将<code>Generator</code>函数和自动执行器，包装在一个函数里。</p>
<h2 id="使用场景"><a href="#使用场景" class="headerlink" title="使用场景"></a>使用场景</h2><p>同步的写代码方式的确会轻松的，加上如今<code>webpack</code>、<code>babel</code>等工具的普及，写代码可以是一件很舒服很享受的事情了。</p>
<p>常见的使用场景包括：</p>
<ul>
<li>文件、图片的读取等待</li>
<li>http请求的等待</li>
<li>串行http请求的处理</li>
</ul>
<p>其实，在javascript中涉及到异步回调的处理，都可作为合适的使用场景。下面我们来针对一个图片的处理场景具体说明。</p>
<h1 id="图片的上传和处理"><a href="#图片的上传和处理" class="headerlink" title="图片的上传和处理"></a>图片的上传和处理</h1><h2 id="场景"><a href="#场景" class="headerlink" title="场景"></a>场景</h2><p>首先介绍一下需求场景：</p>
<ol>
<li>从编辑器插件中获取到用户上传的图片，为一组的<code>base64</code>数据，即<code>[&#39;base64-1&#39;, &#39;base64-1&#39;, ..., &#39;base64-n&#39;]</code>的数据。</li>
<li>需要将每个<code>base64</code>通过接口上传到服务器，同时拿回一个图片<code>url</code>地址。</li>
<li>获取每个图片的大小，通过参数的方式添加到<code>url</code>的尾部（别处需要用到该数据）。</li>
<li>将最后的<code>[&#39;url-1?width=x&amp;height=x&#39;, &#39;url-1?width=x&amp;height=x&#39;, ..., &#39;url-n?width=x&amp;height=x&#39;]</code>传给后台保存。</li>
</ol>
<p>需要注意的地方是：</p>
<ol>
<li><code>await</code>操作符用于等待一个<code>Promise</code>对象，所以我们需要返回一个<code>Promise</code>对象用于等待。</li>
<li><code>await</code>只能在异步函数<code>async function</code>中使用。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="获取图片宽高"><a href="#获取图片宽高" class="headerlink" title="获取图片宽高"></a>获取图片宽高</h3><p>图片的加载是个异步的过程，我们来实现一个获取图片宽高的<code>Promise</code>：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 获取图片宽高</span></div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getImgSize</span>(<span class="params">url</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// 返回一个Promise给await</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">resolve, reject</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> image = <span class="keyword">new</span> Image();</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 加载完成调用resolve</span></div><div class="line">    image.onload = <span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">      resolve(&#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">width</span>: image.width,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">height</span>: image.height</div><div class="line">      &#125;);</div><div class="line">    &#125;;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 加载失败调用reject</span></div><div class="line">    image.onerror = <span class="function"><span class="params">err</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">      reject(err);</div><div class="line">    &#125;;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 添加src，触发加载</span></div><div class="line">    image.src = url;</div><div class="line">  &#125;);</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样，我们可以通过<code>await getImgSize(url)</code>的方式，来同步获取图片大小。</p>
<h3 id="上传图片并添加宽高参数"><a href="#上传图片并添加宽高参数" class="headerlink" title="上传图片并添加宽高参数"></a>上传图片并添加宽高参数</h3><p>同样的，上传图片ajax服务也是异步过程，同时需要判断该内容是否<code>base64</code>(编辑状态下，为已处理的<code>url</code>格式)。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 上传图片</span></div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">uploadCdnImg</span>(<span class="params">item</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">const</span> url = item.url;</div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">resolve, reject</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (url.indexOf(<span class="string">"base64"</span>) &gt; <span class="number">-1</span>) &#123;</div><div class="line">      <span class="comment">// 未处理的base64，上传cdn</span></div><div class="line">      $.ajax(</div><div class="line">        url: <span class="string">"imgstore/upload"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">param</span>: &#123;<span class="attr">str_img_data</span>: url.split(<span class="string">","</span>)[<span class="number">1</span>]&#125;, </div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">success</span>: <span class="keyword">async</span> (&#123; data &#125;) =&gt; &#123;</div><div class="line">          <span class="comment">// 同步获取宽高</span></div><div class="line">          <span class="keyword">const</span> imgSize = <span class="keyword">await</span> getImgSize(url);</div><div class="line">          <span class="comment">// 添加到url尾部，并返回新的url和原本的数据信息</span></div><div class="line">          <span class="keyword">const</span> idnUrl = data.url + <span class="string">`?width=<span class="subst">$&#123;imgSize.width&#125;</span>&amp;height=<span class="subst">$&#123;imgSize.height&#125;</span>`</span>;</div><div class="line">          resolve(&#123;...item, <span class="attr">url</span>: idnUrl&#125;);</div><div class="line">        &#125;,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">error</span>: <span class="function">(<span class="params">err</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">          <span class="comment">// 出错返回</span></div><div class="line">          reject(err);</div><div class="line">        &#125;</div><div class="line">      );</div><div class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">      <span class="comment">// 已处理的url，直接返回</span></div><div class="line">      resolve(url);</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">  &#125;)</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="并行处理多个图片"><a href="#并行处理多个图片" class="headerlink" title="并行处理多个图片"></a>并行处理多个图片</h3><p>上面，我们已经完成了单个图片的上传+大小获取了。现在我们来做最后的一步，同时处理一组的图片：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">async</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">uploadImageList</span>(<span class="params">list</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// 每一个图片url转换成一个Promise</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">const</span> promises = list.map(<span class="function"><span class="params">x</span> =&gt;</span> uploadCdnImg(x.url));</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// 同步并行处理所有图片</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> results = <span class="keyword">await</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>.all(promises);</div><div class="line">  &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (error) &#123;</div><div class="line">    alert(<span class="string">'图片上传失败'</span>)</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> results;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们在使用<code>async</code>/<code>await</code>的时候，需要进行异常的捕获和处理，这里只做了最简单的处理。</p>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>这里只介绍了简单的<code>async</code>/<code>await</code>使用，其他的像解构、<code>Promise</code>、拓展等，当习惯了这些语法糖之后，写码的幸福指数会有很大提升。</p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a></p>
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  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#async-await"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">async/await</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#介绍"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">介绍</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#使用场景"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用场景</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#图片的上传和处理"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">图片的上传和处理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#场景"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">场景</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#获取图片宽高"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取图片宽高</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#上传图片并添加宽高参数"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">上传图片并添加宽高参数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#并行处理多个图片"><span class="toc-number">2.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">并行处理多个图片</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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